The Relationship Between the Twelve Biblical Gemstones and Modern Birthstones

The connection between the twelve gemstones mentioned in the Bible and modern birthstones is both intriguing and significant, reflecting historical and cultural developments over centuries. In the Book of Exodus (28:17-20), twelve stones are listed as part of the High Priest's breastplate, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Here, we'll explore these biblical stones and their potential connections to modern birthstones.

The Twelve Biblical Gemstones

The twelve gemstones from the High Priest's breastplate are listed in Exodus 28:17-20 (NIV):

¹⁷ Then mount four rows of precious stones on it. The first row shall be carnelian, chrysolite and beryl; ¹⁸ the second row shall be turquoise, lapis lazuli and emerald; ¹⁹ the third row shall be jacinth, agate and amethyst; ²⁰ the fourth row shall be topaz, onyx and jasper. Mount them in gold filigree settings.

Modern Birthstones and Their Biblical Counterparts

1. January - Garnet:

   • Biblical Stone: Carnelian (Sardius)
   • Connection: Carnelian, with its deep red color, is often associated with garnet, a popular gemstone for January.

2. February - Amethyst:

   • Biblical Stone: Amethyst
   • Connection: Directly mentioned in the Bible, amethyst remains the birthstone for February.

3. March - Aquamarine:

   • Biblical Stone: Beryl
   • Connection: Beryl in the Bible can be found in several colors, including the blue-green of aquamarine.

4. April - Diamond:

   • Biblical Stone: Diamond
   • Connection: Directly listed as one of the breastplate stones, diamond is the modern birthstone for April.

5. May - Emerald:

   • Biblical Stone: Emerald
   • Connection: Both the Bible and modern traditions agree on emerald as the stone for May.

6. June - Pearl:

   • Biblical Stone: Not listed among the twelve
   • Connection: Pearls are often associated with wisdom and purity, mentioned in other parts of the Bible.

7. July - Ruby:

   • Biblical Stone: Possibly Carnelian (Sardius)
   • Connection: Ruby, with its rich red color, can be associated with the sardius stone mentioned in the Bible.

8. August - Peridot:

   • Biblical Stone: Chrysolite
   • Connection: Chrysolite, often referred to as peridot in historical texts, is the birthstone for August.

9. September - Sapphire:

   • Biblical Stone: Lapis Lazuli (often considered Sapphire)
   • Connection: The Bible's lapis lazuli is sometimes interpreted as sapphire, the modern September birthstone.

10. October - Opal or Tourmaline:

    • Biblical Stone: Jacinth (Hyacinth)
    • Connection: Jacinth, with its varied colors, can be linked to opal or tourmaline, known for their multicolored appearance.

11. November - Topaz:

    • Biblical Stone: Topaz
    • Connection: Both the Bible and modern traditions list topaz as the stone for November.

12. December - Turquoise:

    • Biblical Stone: Turquoise
    • Connection: Turquoise, mentioned in the Bible, is one of the modern birthstones for December.

Conclusion

The twelve gemstones listed in the Bible's Book of Exodus have fascinating connections to the modern birthstones we recognize today. While some correlations are direct, others are based on historical interpretations and the evolving significance of these precious stones. Whether you appreciate them for their biblical heritage or their contemporary meanings, these gemstones continue to captivate and inspire.

By exploring these connections, we not only honor the ancient traditions but also bring a deeper understanding of the significance behind each birthstone. This rich tapestry of history and culture makes each gemstone more than just a beautiful adornment; it becomes a symbol of legacy and tradition.

References:

International Gem Society: This source delves into the historical connections between the 12 stones in Aaron's breastplate mentioned in the Bible, the 12 months of the year, and the 12 zodiac signs. It highlights how these traditions evolved over centuries and influenced modern birthstone lists. Read more here.

2. GIA (Gemological Institute of America): GIA provides an extensive guide to birthstones by month, including their history, symbolism, and properties. This resource is great for understanding how each birthstone is perceived today and its historical background. Explore further.